How Storytelling Helps Students Learn Synonyms for Success

As we have been reading in our previous articles that storytelling is a fun way to learn new words, especially synonyms, which are words with similar meanings. Story of Panchatantra like “The Clever Fox and the Foolish Crow” teaches  words like “clever” (चतुर), along with other words that mean the same thing, such as smart, shrewd, cunning, and intelligent. By seeing these words used in stories, students can remember them better.

Learning synonyms through stories helps students improve their language skills. This will make it easier for them to understand and use different words in exams and in daily life. When they know more words, they can do well in competitive exams, where choosing the right word or meaning is important.

In simple terms, storytelling helps students enjoy learning, remember new words easily, and succeed in the future! “Let’s enjoy reading a new story!”

The Clever Fox and the Foolish Crow

On a lofty (ऊँचा) [high, tall, elevated, towering] branch sat a foolish (मूर्ख) [silly, naive, gullible, witless] crow with a delicious (स्वादिष्ट) [tasty, flavorful, appetizing, delectable] piece of chapati in his beak. Below, a clever (चतुर) [smart, shrewd, cunning, intelligent] fox was walking by. Noticing the food, the fox came up with a cunning (चालाक) [sly, crafty, wily, devious] plan.

The fox flattered (चापलूसी करना) [praised, admired, complimented, lauded] the crow, calling his voice melodious (सुमधुर) [sweet, harmonious, tuneful, pleasant]. The foolish crow, pleased with the praise, opened his beak to sing, dropping the chapati.The fox quickly snatched it and ran away, leaving the crow embarrassed.

Multiple Choice Questions with answers

1. What is the synonym of “lofty” (ऊँचा) as used in the sentence “On a lofty branch sat a crow”?

a) Small
b) Elevated
c) Low
d) Short

Answer: b) Elevated

2. Choose the synonym for “foolish” (मूर्ख) from the options below:

a) Clever
b) Wise
c) Naive
d) Intelligent

Answer: c) Naive

3. What is a synonym for “delicious” (स्वादिष्ट) from the sentence “a delicious piece of cheese”?

a) Tasty
b) Sour
c) Bitter
d) Plain

Answer: a) Tasty

4. What is the synonym of “clever” (चतुर) in “a clever fox was walking by”?

a) Stupid
b) Foolish
c) Shrewd
d) Simple

Answer: c) Shrewd

5. What is a synonym of “cunning” (चालाक) as in “the fox devised a cunning plan”?

a) Honest
b) Crafty
c) Silly
d) Kind

Answer: b) Crafty

6. The synonym of “flattered” (चापलूसी करना) as used in the story is:

a) Ignored
b) Praised
c) Insulted
d) Rejected

Answer: b) Praised

7. Select the synonym for “melodious” (सुमधुर) from the sentence “calling his voice melodious”:

a) Noisy
b) Loud
c) Harmonious
d) Harsh

Answer: c) Harmonious

8. What is the synonym for “foolish” (मूर्ख) from the options below?

a) Smart
b) Gullible
c) Intelligent
d) Sensible

Answer: b) Gullible

9. What is the synonym for “embarrassed” as used in the sentence “leaving the crow embarrassed”?

a) Confused
b) Angry
c) Ashamed
d) Happy

Answer: c) Ashamed

10. Choose the synonym for “cleverness” (चतुराई) from the moral of the story:

a) Wisdom
b) Strength
c) Weakness
d) Laziness

Answer: a) Wisdom

Moral: Beware of false praise. Cleverness (चतुराई) [wisdom, shrewdness, wit, intelligence] can outsmart vanity.

(Author is an English Acharya in Bhrahampuri Adarsh Vidya Mandir Jodhpur and Sah-Sanyojak of English Speaking of Vidya Bharati Jodhpur Prant.) 

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Engaging Vocabulary Learning with Panchatantra

Using the “Monkey and the Crocodile” story from Panchatantra is a fun way to teach synonyms. By showing words like benevolent (उदार) and its synonyms—”kind, generous, compassionate”—in the story, students easily learn new words. This method makes vocabulary building enjoyable and helps students remember words through storytelling, making learning natural and engaging.

Monkey and the Crocodile

A majestic (भव्य) [grand, splendid, regal, noble] tree by the river was home to a benevolent (उदार) [kind, charitable, compassionate, generous] monkey. One day, a devious (धूर्त) [cunning, sly, crafty, scheming] crocodile politely asked for fruit with a gracious (दयालु) [kind, courteous, amiable, affable] smile. Though the monkey shared, the crocodile had malicious (दुष्ट) [malevolent, spiteful, wicked, cruel] plans. He invited the innocent (भोला) [naive, pure, unsuspecting, gullible] monkey to his home. Mid-river, the crocodile revealed his sinister (कुटिल) [evil, ominous, menacing, baleful] plan to eat the monkey’s heart. The wise (बुद्धिमान) [clever, astute, prudent, sagacious] monkey tricked him by saying he left his heart on the tree, making the crocodile swim back. The monkey then escaped.

Moral: Wisdom (बुद्धिमत्ता) [intelligence, cleverness, insight, prudence] is stronger than brute strength.

Fill in the blanks

1. The monkey lived in a ______ (भव्य) tree by the river.
Options: (a) majestic (b) ordinary

2. The monkey was very ______ (उदार) and shared his fruit.
Options: (a) benevolent (b) selfish

3. The crocodile was ______ (धूर्त) and had a hidden plan.
Options: (a) devious (b) honest

4. He asked for fruit with a ______ (दयालु) smile.
Options: (a) gracious (b) rude

5. The crocodile had ______ (दुष्ट) intentions to harm the monkey.
Options: (a) kind(b) malicious

6. The monkey was ______ (भोला) and trusted the crocodile’s words.
Options: (a) innocent (b) suspicious

7. The crocodile revealed his ______ (कुटिल) plan in the middle of the river.
Options: (a) sinister (b) friendly

8. The monkey was ______ (बुद्धिमान) and outsmarted the crocodile.
Options: (a) foolish (b) wise

Answer Key

1. (a) majestic
2. (a) benevolent
3. (a) devious
4. (a) gracious
5. (b) malicious
6. (a) innocent
7. (a) sinister
8. (b) wise

(Author is an English Acharya in Bhrahampuri Adarsh Vidya Mandir Jodhpur and Sah-Sanyojak of English Speaking of Vidya Bharati Jodhpur Prant.)

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As we learned how to use synonyms with examples from Panchatantra stories last time, today we will continue in the same direction. We will focus on a specific story that is one of the most famous tales from that Tantrakhyayika –    “The Lion and mouse”

In a vast jungle (जंगल – synonyms: forest, woods, wilderness, rainforest), a ferocious (भयंकर – synonyms: fierce, savage, brutal, vicious) lion named Shera caught a tiny (छोटा – synonyms: small, little, minute, minuscule) mouse. The frightened (सशंकित – synonyms: afraid, scared, startled, fearful) mouse begged for mercy and promised (वादा करना – synonyms: vow, pledge, assure, swear) to help one day. Later, Shera was trapped in a net. Remembering the promise, the small (नन्हा – synonyms: petite, compact, miniature, slight) mouse gnawed through the ropes and freed him, showing that even the smallest (सबसे छोटा – synonyms: tiniest, littlest, minutest, slightest) can be mighty (शक्तिशाली – synonyms: powerful, strong, formidable, potent).

Feedback: We hope you are doing well! We would love to get your feedback on the recent lesson on synonyms. Please take a moment to answer the following questions with a simple Yes or No. Your responses will help improve future lessons:

(1) Did you understand the meaning of all the synonyms provided?        (Yes/No)

(2) Were you able to use the synonyms correctly in the examples or      sentences? (Yes/No)

(3) Which synonyms do you think are the most useful in your writing? Why?

(4) Do you feel confident using these synonyms in your own writing? (Yes/No)

(5) Did you enjoy the activities or exercises related to the synonyms? (Yes/No)

Fill in the Blanks

1. The lion lived in a vast _______ (forest, desert).

2. Shera was a _______ lion, feared by many animals in the jungle. (vicious, gentle).

3. A _______ mouse was caught by the lion. (minuscule, enormous).

4. The _______ mouse begged for mercy when caught by the lion. (startled, calm).

5. The mouse _______ to help the lion one day if spared. (vowed, hesitated).

6. The _______ mouse gnawed through the ropes to free Shera. (petite, formidable).

7. Even the _______ mouse could save the lion from the trap. (tiniest, largest).

8. The story shows that even the smallest creature can be _______. (weak, formidable).

9. The jungle was a _______ place, home to many wild animals. (wilderness, city).

10. The lion’s grip was _______ when he caught the mouse, but the mouse still managed to escape. (strong, feeble).

Answer Key

1. Forest
2. Vicious
3. Minuscule
4. Startled
5. Vowed
6. Petite
7. Tiniest
8. Formidable
9. Wilderness
10. Strong

(Author is an English Acharya in Bhrahampuri Adarsh Vidya Mandir Jodhpur and Sah-Sanyojak of English Speaking of Vidya Bharati Jodhpur Prant.)

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In our last lecture, we used several examples, including many from the Panchatantra stories, to help explain synonyms. The purpose was to aid in the gradual development of student’s understanding. We kindly request that all teachers consider using similar stories when explaining topics like grammar and synonyms. This approach will help our students achieve proficiency in English.

Sentence Patterns:

Sentence 1: “The crow accomplished his plan to fill the pitcher with stones.”

–  Subject (S): The crow

–  Verb (V): accomplished

–  Object (O): his plan

–  Complement (C): to fill the pitcher with stones

Sentence Pattern: SVO (Subject-Verb-Object)

Sentence 2: “The lion approved the rabbit’s clever idea to defeat the elephant.”

–  Subject (S): The lion

–  Verb (V): approved

–  Object (O): the rabbit’s clever idea

–  Complement (C): to defeat the elephant

Sentence Pattern: SVO (Subject-Verb-Object)

Classification of Sentence Patterns:

SVO Pattern: The subject performs an action (verb) on an object. Both sentences follow this pattern, illustrating how subjects like “The crow” and “The lion” perform actions on objects like “his plan” and “the rabbit’s clever idea.”

Understanding synonyms enriches vocabulary and enhances expression. In Panchatantra stories, using varied words makes the tales more engaging and helps students grasp deeper meanings. This approach not only improves language skills but also deepens the appreciation of the stories’ lessons.

Fill in the blanks
1. The crow __________ his plan to fill the pitcher with stones.
(a) accomplished
(b) ignored
2. The lion __________ the rabbit’s clever idea to defeat the elephant.
(a) approved
(b) rejected
3. The golden deer __________ the monkey with its charm.
(a) attracted
(b) repelled
4. The tortoise __________ from the crane’s help to cross the river.
(a) benefited
(b) harmed
5. The small hare was __________ enough to challenge the mighty lion.
(a) brave
(b) timid
6. The __________ moonlight guided the lost travelers in the forest.
(a) bright
(b) dull
7. The crow tasted the __________ fruit and flew away.
(a) bitter
(b) sweet
8. The mouse was __________ enough to gnaw the net and free the lion.
(a) bold
(b) shy
9. The deer __________ the tortoise by distracting the hunter.
(a) assisted
(b) obstructed
10. The king __________ the reward for anyone who could solve the problem.
(a) announced
(b) concealed

Answers

1. (a) accomplished
2. (a) approved
3. (a) attracted
4. (a) benefited
5. (a) brave
6. (a) bright
7. (a) bitter
8. (a) bold
9. (a) assisted
10. (a) announced

(Author is an English Acharya in Bhrahampuri Adarsh Vidya Mandir Jodhpur and Sah-Sanyojak of English Speaking of Vidya Bharati Jodhpur Prant.)

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Elevate Your Communication and Exam Success:

Synonyms are essential for enriching both daily conversations and competitive exams. They add variety, clarity, and precision to speech, making communication more engaging and effective. In exams, a strong vocabulary helps with understanding texts, improving writing, and excelling in verbal tests. Mastering synonyms boosts everyday interactions and academic performance.

Daily Language

1. Variety: Makes conversations more interesting.
2. Clarity: Helps express thoughts clearly.
3. Effective Communication: Avoids misunderstandings.
4. Expressiveness: Makes speech more engaging.
5. Professionalism: Shows better understanding in work settings.

Competitive Exams

1. Better Vocabulary: Helps in answering vocabulary questions.
2. Reading Skills: Understands complex texts better.
3. Writing: Improves essays with varied words.
4. Verbal Tests: Performs well in word meaning questions.
5. Critical Thinking: Recognizes subtle differences in meaning.

Examples

• Daily Language: “I’m jubilant” instead of “I’m happy” adds enthusiasm. “Perilous” instead of “dangerous” shows more risk.
• Competitive Exams: “Serene” for “calm” helps in vocabulary tests. “Meticulous” instead of “careful” improves essay quality.

Knowing different synonyms helps in daily conversations and doing well in exams.

We have provided synonyms in a table format along with their Hindi meanings and antonyms. We have also given an example sentence for each. Please try to create similar sentences based on these examples.

 –  – –  –  –  – 

We hope this type of synonyms table will prove to be very useful for your competitive exams.

One of the sentence structure used in this format is simple declarative. This type of sentence structure is characterized by:

Subject + Verb + Object:

• Each sentence follows a straightforward construction where the subject performs an action, and the action affects the object.
• Clarity and Directness: The sentences are designed to be clear and direct, making them easy to understand.
• Basic Sentence Elements: The sentences use basic elements (subject, verb, object) without complex clauses or additional subordinate clauses.

For example:

Subject: “Shri Ram”

Verb: “did not abandon”

Object: “his duty”

This simple structure ensures that the core message is conveyed clearly and efficiently.

Quiz

1. Shri Rama did not abandon his duty.
Question: Which of the following is a synonym for “abandon”?
A) Keep
B) Protect
C) Leave
D) Support

2. The Mahabharata war began with the blowing of the conch shells.
Question: Which of the following is a synonym for “began”?
A) Ended
B) Stopped
C) Started
D) Closed

3. The calm tortoise patiently waited while the two foolish geese argued.
Question: Which of the following is a synonym for “calm”?
A) Noisy
B) Quiet
C) Angry
D) Anxious

4. The clever rabbit brought a change in the lion’s attitude by tricking him with a story.
Question: Which of the following is a synonym for “change”?
A) Stay
B) Preserve
C) Modify
D) Stop

5. The lion’s den was a dangerous place for any small animal to enter.
Question: Which of the following is a synonym for “dangerous”?
A) Safe
B) Risky
C) Secure
D) Harmless

6. The dove had no doubt that the hunter would trap her and her friends, so she devised a plan.
Question: Which of the following is an antonym for “doubt”?
A) Uncertainty
B) Confidence
C) Hesitation
D) Confusion

7. The end of the crow’s plan resulted in the snake’s defeat, bringing peace to the birds.
Question: Which of the following is a synonym for “end”?
A) Begin
B) Start
C) Terminate
D) Continue

Answer Key
1. C) Leave
2. C) Started
3. B) Quiet
4. C) Modify
5. B) Risky
6. B) Confidence
7. C) Terminate

(Author is an English Acharya in Bhrahampuri Adarsh Vidya Mandir Jodhpur and Sah-Sanyojak of English Speaking of Vidya Bharati Jodhpur Prant.)

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Synonyms are like best friends for words—they have nearly the same meaning and can be used in place of each other. Learning about synonyms is super helpful for school students because:

1. Better Vocabulary: Knowing synonyms adds more words to our vocabulary and helps us use words in different and creative ways.
2. Easier Reading: Spotting synonyms makes it easier to understand stories and questions by showing us different ways to express the same idea.
3. Clear Communication: Choosing from different words can help us explain our thoughts more clearly and creatively.
4. Better Exam Scores: Many tests include questions about synonyms, so being familiar with them can improve our performance.

In short, learning synonyms not only boosts our reading and writing skills but also helps us to shine in exams!

“Unlocking the Power of Synonyms: Fun and Simple Ways to Boost our Vocabulary”

Learning synonyms words that mean the same thing can make our reading and writing better. Here’s how the 38 synonyms we’ll discuss can help:

1. Build Our Word List: Knowing these synonyms gives you more words to use, making your writing and speaking more interesting.
2. Understand Better: Recognizing different words with the same meaning can help us understand stories and questions more easily.
3. Communicate Clearly: Using the right words helps us explain your ideas better in both speaking and writing.

Easy Ways to Learn Synonyms:

1. Flashcards: Make cards with a word on one side and its synonyms on the other. Look at them often to remember the words.
2. Write Sentences: Using of each synonym in a sentence. This helps us see how the words are used.
3. Quizzes: Take quizzes to test how well we know the synonyms. It helps us remember them better.
4. Study with Friends: Learn synonyms with friends or classmates. Quiz each other and discuss the words.
5. Practice Every Day: Try to use new synonyms in our everyday conversations or writing. This helps us get used to them.

By using these easy methods, we can learn and remember synonyms better, which will help us in school and  further exams.

Word – Synonyms – Hindi Meaning

1. Happy – Joyful, Cheerful, Content, Elated – खुश, प्रसन्न
2. Big – Large, Huge, Enormous, Massive – बड़ा, विशाल
3. Small – Tiny, Little, Miniature, Petite – छोटा, संक्षिप्त
4. Fast – Quick, Speedy, Rapid, Swift – तेज, फुर्तीला
5. Smart – Intelligent, Clever, Bright, Sharp – बुद्धिमान, चालाक
6. Strong – Powerful, Sturdy, Robust, Tough – मजबूत, सशक्त
7. Easy – Simple, Effortless, Straightforward, Clear – आसान, सरल
8. Hard – Difficult, Challenging, Tough, Complex – कठिन, जटिल
9. Beautiful – Lovely, Gorgeous, Stunning, Attractive – सुंदर, आकर्षक
10. Brave – Courageous, Fearless, Bold, Daring – बहादुर, निडर
11. Sad – Unhappy, Sorrowful, Upset, Mournful – दुखी, शोकाकुल
12. Old – Ancient, Aged, Elderly, Vintage – पुराना, वृद्ध
13. New – Fresh, Recent, Modern, Novel – नया, ताजगी
14. Important – Significant, Essential, Crucial, Vital – महत्वपूर्ण, आवश्यक
15. Strong – Powerful, Mighty, Sturdy, Robust – शक्तिशाली, ठोस

 Synonyms from different parts of speech, including nouns, adjectives, and adverbs:

Word – Synonyms – Hindi Meaning

1. Start – Begin, Commence, Initiate, Launch – शुरू करना, प्रारंभ करना
2. Stop – Cease, Halt, End, Quit – रोकना, समाप्त करना
3. Help – Assist, Aid, Support, Facilitate मदद करना, सहारा देना
4. Give – Provide, Offer, Grant, Deliver – देना, प्रदान करना
5. Take – Grab, Seize, Receive, Obtain – लेना, पकड़ना
6. Find – Discover, Locate, Uncover, Identify – खोजना, ढूँढना
7. Make – Create, Form, Produce, Build – बनाना, निर्माण करना
8. Use – Utilize, Employ, Apply, Exploit – उपयोग करना, प्रयोग करना
9. See – Observe, Notice, View, Watch – देखना, अवलोकन करना
10. Say – Speak, State, Declare, Announce – कहना, बोलना
11. Know – Understand, Recognize, Comprehend, Learn – जानना, समझना
12. Ask – Inquire, Question, Request, Query – पूछना, सवाल करना
13. Show – Display, Reveal, Exhibit, Present – दिखाना, प्रदर्शित करना
14. Work – Labor, Strive, Operate, Function – काम करना, श्रम करना
15. Play – Perform, Act, Engage, Frolic – खेलना, अभिनय करना
16. Joy – Happiness, Delight, Pleasure, Enjoyment – खुशी, आनंद
17. Friend – Companion, Ally, Partner, Mate – दोस्त, साथी
18. Difficult – Challenging, Hard, Tough, Complex – कठिन, जटिल
19. Beautiful – Lovely, Attractive, Gorgeous, Stunning – सुंदर, आकर्षक
20. Quickly – Rapidly, Swiftly, Speedily, Promptly – तेजी से, तुरंत
21. Loudly – Noisily, Boisterously, Deafeningly, Vividly – जोर से, शोरगुल
22. Easily – Simply, Effortlessly, Readily, Smoothly – आसानी से, सरलता से
23. Strongly – Firmly, Powerfully, Vigorously, Robustly – मजबूती से, शक्तिशाली

This list includes a range of synonyms across different parts of speech, making it more comprehensive for students.

Here’s a set of easy multiple-choice questions (MCQs) based on the 15 synonyms provided:

1. Which word is a synonym for “Happy”?
A) Sad
B) Joyful
C) Angry
D) Tired
2. What is a synonym for “Big”?
A) Small
B) Tiny
C) Large
D) Short
3. Which word is a synonym for “Small”?
A) Huge
B) Tiny
C) Massive
D) Enormous
4. What is a synonym for “Fast”?
A) Slow
B) Quick
C) Heavy
D) Weak
5. Which word is a synonym for “Strong”?
A) Weak
B) Powerful
C) Fragile
D) Soft
6. What is a synonym for “Joyful”?
A) Sad
B) Excited
C) Unhappy
D) Angry
7. Which word is a synonym for “Large”?
A) Tiny
B) Small
C) Huge
D) Narrow
8. What is a synonym for “Tiny”?
A) Enormous
B) Large
C) Small
D) Wide
9. Which word is a synonym for “Quick”?
A) Slow
B) Rapid
C) Heavy
D) Heavy
10. What is a synonym for “Powerful”
A) Weak
B) Fragile
C) Mighty
D) Light
11. Which word is a synonym for “Content”?
A) Upset
B) Cheerful
C) Angry
D) Sad
12. What is a synonym for “Massive”
A) Tiny
B) Large
C) Narrow
D) Short
13. Which word is a synonym for “Miniature”?
A) Enormous
B) Big
C) Tiny
D) Wide
14. What is a synonym for “Swift”?
A) Slow
B) Rapid
C) Heavy
D) Weak
15. Which word is a synonym for “Robust”?
A) Fragile
B) Weak
C) Strong
D) Soft

These questions help test understanding of the synonyms and their meanings.

Answer Key..

1. B) Joyful
2. C) Large
3. B) Tiny
4. B) Quick
5. B) Powerful
6. B) Excited
7. C) Huge
8. C) Small
9. B) Rapid
10. C) Mighty
11. B) Cheerful
12. B) Large
13. C) Tiny
14. B) Rapid
15. C) Strong

(Author is an English Acharya in Bhrahampuri Adarsh Vidya Mandir Jodhpur and Sah-Sanyojak of English Speaking of Vidya Bharati Jodhpur Prant.)

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“Mastering Key Root Words: Boost Your English Skills and Excel in Exams.”

Understanding root words like “sub,” “tele,” and “anti” is very important for learning English. These roots help us understand many words we use every day. They also improve our vocabulary and reading skills. Knowing these root words can make it easier to understand new words and prepare for exams. By learning them, students can build a stronger command of English and do better in school and future job tests.

Noted: “Let’s look at each root word one by one and try to learn.”

1. Ambi (meaning “both” or “on both sides”)

   – Meaning: Used to describe something that works in two ways or on both sides.

   – Examples:

• Ambidextrous: Able to use both hands equally well.
• Ambivalent: Having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something.
• Ambiguity: Something that can be understood in more than one way.
• Ambiguous: Having more than one possible meaning.
• Ambit: The range or extent of something.

2. Anti (meaning “against” or “opposite”)

   – Meaning: Indicates opposition or being against something.

   – Examples:

• Antisocial: Not wanting to be with other people.
• Antibiotic: A medicine that fights infections.
• Antidote: A medicine that counteracts poison.
• Antifreeze: A liquid that prevents freezing in engines.
• Antipathy: A strong feeling of dislike.

3. Bi (meaning “two”)

   – Meaning: Refers to something that involves or consists of two parts.

   – Examples:

• Bicycle: A vehicle with two wheels.
• Bilingual: Able to speak two languages.
• Bipolar: Having two extreme poles or states.
• Biannual: Happening twice a year.
• Bipartisan: Supported by two political parties.

4. Contra (meaning “against”)

   – Meaning: Indicates opposition or being against something.

   – Examples:

• Contradict: To say something that is opposite to what someone else has said.
• Contrary: Opposite in nature or character.
• Contraband: Goods that are illegal to trade.
• Contrast: The state of being strikingly different from something else.
• Counteract: To act against something to reduce its effect.

5. De (meaning “down” or “away from”)

   – Meaning: Indicates removal or reversal.

   – Examples:

• Defrost: To remove frost or ice.
• Deactivate: To make something inactive.
• Detach: To separate or remove.
• Degrade: To lower in dignity or quality.
• Deform: To change something from its original shape.

6. Ex (meaning “out of” or “from”)

   – Meaning: Indicates moving out or away from something.

   – Examples:

• Exhale: To breathe out.
• Exit: A way out.
• Expand: To make something larger.
• Exclude: To leave out.
• Examine: To look at closely.

7. Hyper (meaning “over” or “beyond”)

   – Meaning: Indicates an excessive or above-normal amount.

   – Examples:

• Hyperactive: Extremely energetic or restless.
• Hypersensitive: Excessively sensitive.
• Hyperbole: Exaggerated statements not meant to be taken literally.
• Hyperlink: A link that directs to another location online.
• Hyperthermia: Abnormally high body temperature.

8. In- / Il- / Im- / Ir- (meaning “not” or “into”)

   – Meaning: Used to indicate negation or something going into.

   – Examples:

• Inactive (in-): Not active.
• Illegal (il-): Not allowed by law.
• Impossible (im-): Not possible.
• Irregular (ir-): Not regular.
• Invisible (in-): Not visible.

9. Mis (meaning “wrong” or “badly”)

   – Meaning: Indicates something done incorrectly or badly.

   – Examples:

• Misunderstand: To understand something incorrectly.
• Misplace: To put something in the wrong place.
• Misbehave: To behave badly.
• Mislead: To guide someone in the wrong direction.
• Misprint: An error in printing.

10. Micro (meaning “small”)

    – Meaning: Refers to something very small.

    – Examples:

• Microscope: An instrument used to see tiny things.
• Microorganism: A tiny living thing that can only be seen under a microscope.
• Microchip: A tiny computer chip.
• Microphone: A device used to make small sounds louder.
• Microwave: A small wave used in cooking.

11. Mono (meaning “one” or “single”)

    – Meaning: Indicates something that is one or single.

    – Examples:

• Monologue: A long speech by one person.
• Monochrome: Having only one color.
• Monopoly: Control by one company or group.
• Monotheism: Belief in one god.
• Monocle: A single lens used to correct vision in one eye.

12. Multi (meaning “many”)

    – Meaning: Refers to something that involves many parts.

    – Examples:

• Multicolored: Having many colours.
• Multipurpose: Having many uses.
• Multimedia: Using more than one form of media.
• Multinational: Involving many countries.
• Multitask: To do many tasks at the same time.

13. Non (meaning “not”)

    – Meaning: Indicates negation or absence.

    – Examples:

• Nonfiction: Not fiction; based on facts.
• Nonsense: Words or ideas that make no sense.
• Nonstop: Without stopping.
• Nontraditional: Not following traditional methods.
• Nonprofit: Not making a profit.

14. Para (meaning “beside” or “beyond”)

    – **Meaning**: Indicates something that is alongside or beyond something else.

    – Examples:

• Paranormal: Beyond normal; not explainable by science.
• Parallel: Lines that run beside each other and never meet.
• Paraphrase: To restate something in your own words.
• Parasite: An organism that lives off another.
• Paralegal: A person who assists lawyers, working beside them.

15. Pre (meaning “before”)

    – Meaning: Refers to something that happens before something else.

    – Examples:

• Preview: To see something before the main event.
• Prehistoric: Before recorded history.
• Preschool: School before primary education.
• Prepare: To make ready before something.
• Prepay: To pay before something is due.

16. Pseudo (meaning “false” or “pretend”)

    – Meaning: Indicates something that is not genuine or is a pretender.

    – Examples:

• Pseudonym: A false name used by an author.
• Pseudo-science: Beliefs or practices mistakenly regarded as being based on the scientific method.
• Pseudocode: A simplified version of programming code used for planning.
• Pseudo-intellectual: Someone pretending to be intellectual.
• Pseudoclassical: Imitating classical style without being genuine.

17. Re (meaning “again” or “back”)

    – Meaning: Indicates repetition or returning to a previous state.

    – Examples:

• Rewrite: To write something again.
• Revisit: To go to a place again.
• React: To respond to something.
• Return: To go back to a place.
• Rebuild: To build something again.

18. Semi (meaning “half” or “partially”)

    – Meaning: Refers to something that is halfway or partially something.

    – Examples:

• Semicircle: Half of a circle.

19. Sub- / Suc- / Suf- / Sug- / Sup- / Sus- (meaning “under” or “below”)

   – Meaning: Indicates something that is under, below, or less than.

   – Examples:

• Submarine: A vessel that operates underwater.
• Substitute: Someone or something that takes the place of another.
• Support: To bear the weight or hold up.
• Suggest: To propose an idea for consideration.
• Suspend: To hang something from above or temporarily stop something.

20. Syn- / Sym- / Syl- / Sys- (meaning “together” or “with”)

   – Meaning: Indicates something that is with or together with something else.

   – Examples:

• Synthesis: Combining elements to form a whole.
• Sympathy: Feelings of pity and sorrow for someone else’s misfortune.
• Syllable: A unit of spoken language that forms part of a word.
• System: A set of connected things working together as a whole.
• Synchronize: To make things happen at the same time.

21. Tele (meaning “distant” or “far off”)

   – Meaning: Indicates something that operates over a distance.

   – Examples:

• Telephone: A device for communicating over long distances.
• Television: A device for watching broadcasts from a distance.
• Telegraph: An old method of sending messages over long distances.
• Teleport: To move instantly from one place to another (often used in science fiction).
• Telephoto: A type of camera lens used to take pictures from a distance.

22. Vice (meaning “in place of” or “bad habit”)

   – Meaning: Indicates something that substitutes or a bad habit or moral fault.

Examples:

• Vice President: An official who acts in place of the president.
• Vice: A bad habit or moral flaw, such as smoking or gambling.
• Vice-Chairman: A person who assists the chairman and takes their place if necessary.
• Vice Versa: The other way around or in reverse.
• Vice Regal: Relating to a viceroy, who act in place of a monarch.

Multiple-Choice Exercise

1. What does the root word “anti-” mean?
   1.  Before
   2. Against
   3. Many
   4. Small
2. Which word uses the root “sub-” to mean “under” or “below”?

1. 1. Substitute
   2. Sympathetic
   3. Telephoto
   4. Microphone

1. What does the root word “bio-” mean?
   1. Time
   2. Life
   3. Distance
   4. Number
2. Which of the following words uses the root “mono-” to mean “one”?
   1. Monologue
   2. Misplace
   3. Hyperactive
   4. Contradict
3. What does the prefix “pre-” indicate?
   1. Not
   2. After
   3. Before
   4. Together
4. What does the root word “pseudo-” mean?
   1. Real
   2. Small
   3. False
   4. New
5. Which word means “many colours” and uses the root “multi-“?
   1. Multicolored
   2. Submarine
   3. Prehistoric
   4. Antisocial
6. What does the prefix “hyper-” suggest?
   1. Normal
   2. Under
   3. Above normal
   4. Hidden
7. Which of the following words uses the root “tele-” to mean “distant”?
   1. Teleport
   2. Monochrome
   3. Pseudonym
   4. Synthesize
8. What does the prefix “mis-” indicate?
   1. Wrong or badly
   2. Together
   3. Under
   4. Many

Answers key

1. Against
2. Substitute
3. Life
4. Monologue
5. Before
6. False
7. Multicolored
8. Above normal
9. Teleport
10. Wrong or badly

(Author is an English Acharya in Bhrahampuri Adarsh Vidya Mandir Jodhpur and Sah-Sanyojak of English Speaking of Vidya Bharati Jodhpur Prant.)

The post Competitive English – 1 Root words-2 appeared first on राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा : शिक्षा में समाज प्रबोधन.

“Learning the basic parts of words (called root words) can help you figure out what unfamiliar words mean. Just knowing one root word can help you understand many other words in English. So, if you learn a few dozen root words, you’ll be able to understand hundreds of new words! It’s a great way to build your vocabulary and improve your language skills.”

Here are some easy root words with 3-4 examples each:

1. Root Word: Log-/Logos- (meaning: word, reason, speech)

• Example Words:
• Logic (the study of reasoning)
• Logistics (the planning and organization of movement and supply chains)
• Dialogue (a conversation between two or more people)

2. Root Word: Gen-/Gene- (meaning: birth, origin, kind)

• Example Words:
• Genesis (the origin or creation of something)
• Genetic (relating to genes or heredity)
• Generate (to produce or create something)

3. Root Word: Vid-/Vis- (meaning: see, look, vision)

• Example Words:
• Video (a recording of moving images and sound)
• Vision (the ability to see or a mental image)
• Visible (able to be seen)

4. Root Word: Aud-/Audi- (meaning: hear, listen)

• Example Words:
• Audio (relating to sound or hearing)
• Audience (a group of people listening to a performance)
• Audible (able to be heard)

5. Root Word: Cogn-/Cogo- (meaning: know, recognize)

• Example Words:
• Cognition (the process of knowing or perceiving)
• Recognize (to acknowledge or identify something)
• Cognitive (relating to mental processes like thinking and learning)

6. Root Word: Mot-/Movi- (meaning: move, motion)

• Example Words:
• Motion (the act of moving or changing place)
• Motive (a reason for doing something)
• Motor (a machine that produces motion)

7. Root Word: Pat-/Path- (meaning: feel, suffer, experience)

• Example Words:
• Pathos (emotion or feeling, especially in art or literature)
• Patient (a person receiving medical care)
• Pathetic (arousing feelings of sadness or pity)

These root words are commonly used in many words, and understanding their meanings can help you decipher unfamiliar vocabulary.

Here are some root words from various chapters of the NCERT Class 10 English book “First Flight”.

Chapter 1: “A Letter to God”

1. Letter

• • Root: “Liter” – letter, literature
  • Examples: Literature, Illiterate, Literary

2. Faith

• • Root: “Fid/Fide” – faith, trust
  • Examples: Confide, Fidelity, Confident

3. Post

• • Root: “Post” – after
  • Examples: Postpone, Postscript, Posterity

4. Master

• • Root: “Mag/Maj/Max” – great
  • Examples: Magnify, Majesty, Maximum

5. Devastated

• • Root: “Vast” – empty
  • Examples: Vast, Devastation

6. Harvest

• • Root: “Harv” – to gather
  • Examples: Harvest, Harvester

Chapter 2: “Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom”

1. Freedom

• • Root: “Free” – not under control
  • Examples: Freely, Freedom, Freeway

2. Struggle

• • Root: “Strug” – to strive
  • Examples: Struggle, Struggling

3. Oppress

• • Root: “Press” – to press down
  • Examples: Oppression, Depress, Impress

4. Equal

• • Root: “Equ” – equal, even
  • Examples: Equality, Equation, Equator

5. Nation

• • Root: “Nat” – born
  • Examples: National, Native, Nature

6. Leader

• • Root: “Lead” – to guide
  • Examples: Leadership, Leading, Led

Chapter 3: “Two Stories About Flying”

1. Flight

• • Root: “Fly” – to move through the air
  • Examples: Flyer, Flying, Flyover

2. Courage

• • Root: “Cour” – heart
  • Examples: Courageous, Encourage, Discourage

3. Fear

• • Root: “Phob” – fear
  • Examples: Phobia, Claustrophobia, Xenophobia

4. Control

• • Root: “Trol” – to regulate
  • Examples: Controlling, Controller

1. Experience
   • Root: “Per” – through
   • Examples: Experiment, Expertise, Expert
2. Land

• • Root: “Terra” – earth
  • Examples: Territory, Terrain, Terrestrial

Chapter 4: “From the Diary of Anne Frank”

1. Diary

• • Root: “Dia” – day
  • Examples: Diary, Diurnal

2. History

• • Root: “Hist” – story
  • Examples: Historical, Historic

3. Secret

• • Root: “Sec” – hidden
  • Examples: Secrecy, Secrete, Secretive

4. Journal

• • Root: “Jour” – day
  • Examples: Journal, Journey

5. War

• • Root: “Bel” – war
  • Examples: Bellicose, Rebel, Belligerent

6. Hide

• • Root: “Crypt” – hidden
  • Examples: Cryptic, Cryptography

Chapter 5: “The Hundred Dresses”

1. Dress

• • Root: “Vest” – clothing
  • Examples: Vestment, Vest, Divest

2. Contest

• • Root: “Test” – to witness
  • Examples: Testimony, Testament

3. Judge

• •  Root: “Jud” – to decide
  •  Examples: Judgment, Judiciary

4. Draw

• • Root: “Graph” – to write or draw
  • Examples: Graphic, Autograph

5. Talent

• • Root: “Tal” – worth
  • Examples: Talent, Talented

6. Mock

• • Root: “Mim” – to imitate
  • Examples: Mimic, Mime

These root words provide a basis for understanding related vocabulary and can enhance comprehension of   chapters.

Fill in the Blanks Exercise.

1. The ________ of the country fought bravely for their nation’s freedom. (Root: Lead)
2. The soldier showed remarkable ________ in the face of danger. (Root: Cour)
3. The scientist conducted an ________ to test his hypothesis. (Root: Per)
4. The harsh weather conditions caused severe ________ to the village. (Root: Vast)
5. The students learned about various ________ movements in their history class. (Root: Nat)
6. The postmaster decided to ________ the letter to the recipient personally. (Root: Post)
7. The artist’s ________ sketches were admired by everyone. (Root: Graph)
8. The astronaut’s ________ was broadcast live on television. (Root: Fly)
9. The diary contained many ________ entries about daily life during the war. (Root: Dia)
10. The politician spoke about the importance of maintaining ________ among citizens. (Root: Equ)

Answer Key

1. Leaders
2. Courage
3. Experiment
4. Devastation
5. National
6. Postpone
7. Drawn
8. Flight
9. Daily
10. Equality

(Author is an English Acharya in Bhrahampuri Adarsh Vidya Mandir Jodhpur and Sah-Sanyojak of English Speaking of Vidya Bharati Jodhpur Prant.)

The post Competitive English – 1 Root words appeared first on राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा : शिक्षा में समाज प्रबोधन.